Cropaia - Articles

May

Using gypsum as a soil amendment

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

What is gypsum? Gypsum is a naturally occurring di-hydrated calcium sulfate mineral, chemically represented as CaSO4.2H2O. This mineral dissolves in water and is found deposited below the earth’s surface in as a rock. Therefore, gypsum...

Apr

The coffee berry borer – a devastating pest

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Coffee berry borer (CBB), scientifically referred to as Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is the most devastating pest of coffee across the world. It originated in Africa but has spread to most coffee-growing areas across the world....

Mar

The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is a a pest moth that was native to Southeast Asia before spreading to other regions of the world. It is found in warmer parts of Africa, America, Asia, and...

Feb

Ozone water treatment

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Water Treatment

Ozone as a disinfectant in water treatment Ozone is a gas molecule composed of three oxygen atoms (O3). It was first discovered in 1840 by a German chemist, and in 1906 it was used for...

Jan

Irrigation with wastewater

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

What is wastewater? Wastewater is water that has been used domestically or in the industry. Wastewater contains many pollutants, biological and chemical and, therefore, must be treated before it can be reused for other purposes....

Jan

How to choose the best cover crop

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Soils

Cover crops play a significant role in the farmer’s field. Typically, cover crops are planted between harvests or for winter protection. They are considered temporary plants that provide many benefits for the cash crop and...

Dec

Center pivot irrigation systems

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Precision agriculture

Center pivot irrigation is a mechanized sprinkler system that irrigates crops in a circular pattern. In this type of systems, a long pipeline rotates around a central pivot point. The system is gaining popularity and...

Nov

What is Carbon Farming?

Guy Sela

Agriculture, Soils

In effort to mitigate climate change, policymakers have advocated for the adoption of climate-friendly practices. Carbon farming has emerged as a way in which farmers can fight climate change and contribute to the global effort....

Oct

Nitrogen fixation by legumes

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Legume crops provide an important source of protein, carbohydrates and oils for humans and animals. One of their unique features is their ability to use atmospheric nitrogen as a nutrient source. Nitrogen is an essential...

Sep

8 Beneficial Insects that Will Actually Help Your Plants

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Although gardening is remarkably fun and healthy, it can also get a bit frustrating at times, especially when pests decide to make your plants their new homes. While many are handpicking aphids and smaller beetles,...

Sep

Aluminum toxicity in plants

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Aluminum is a metallic element with a valency of +3. It is the third most abundant element in earth’s crust. Despite the fact that aluminum is not an essential nutrient, it has an agronomic importance...

Sep

Global water usage and resources

Guy Sela

All articles, Water Treatment

Global water demand is increasing sharply. One in nine people do not have access to clean water. That’s about 800 million people. In average, 200 people die every hour as a direct result of water...

Aug

How to identify and control aphids

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Aphids are a common pest of ornamentals, fruit trees and vegetables. Once spread, they may cause massive losses and transmit plant viruses. What are aphids and how you can identify them? Aphids are small, soft-bodied...

Aug

Are drones the future of agriculture?

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases, Precision agriculture

Using drones is not as new concept as you may think. In fact, the first drones date back to the first world war era in the military. However, the modern world’s ever-increasing problems have resulted...

Jul

Rust diseases – causes, symptoms, and treatment

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Rust diseases are common plant fungal diseases, belonging to the order Pucciniales. They have a significant economic impact in several key crops. It is estimated that the disease causes global losses of around $1B of...

Jul

Potato blight

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Late blight is a destructive disease that primarily infects potatoes and tomatoes, but also other members of the Solanaceae family. The causative pathogen for late blight disease is fungus-like oomycete (water mold), scientifically named Phytophthora...

Jul

Hydroponic systems

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation

Hydroponics is a growing method in which plants are grown in a mineral nutrient solution, with or without the use of a growing medium. There are several types of hydroponic systems, which will be further...

Jun

Slow and controlled-release fertilizers

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition

Slow-release (SRF) and controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) are compounds designed to supply the crop with nutrients, in a rate that meets its nutrient demand. Unlike quick release fertilizers (QRF) that quickly dissolve in the soil and...

Apr

Understanding the units on the soil test report

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Soil labs may report soil test results in different units. Often, growers may find this confusing, as their interpretation criteria they have available may use other units. Furthermore, for the same soil sample, different labs...

Mar

How to raise soil pH

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Soil acidity is a major cause of reduced yields. Toxicity of micronutrients such as manganese, iron and aluminum may occur, while nutrients such as potassium, calcium and magnesium become unavailable. Furthermore, low soil pH impedes...

Jan

Iron in plants

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition

Iron is required for the biosynthesis of the chlorophyll molecule and functions as an electron carrier in the respiration and photosynthesis reactions. In addition, it participates in many enzymatic processes. Iron deficiency is a limiting...

Jan

Foliar feeding

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition

Foliar fertilization, also referred to as foliar feeding, is the application of plant nutrients directly to the foliage of the plant by spraying the crop with a liquid fertilizer solution. While it can be used...

Nov

Soil pH and acidity

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

The degree of soil acidity or alkalinity is expressed in pH units. Soil pH affects many processes in soils, including nutrient availability, activity of microorganisms and root development. The pH of...

Nov

Water Alkalinity

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

Alkalinity is the ability of the water to neutralize acidity. It refers to the presence of carbonates (CO32-), bicarbonates (HCO3–) and hydroxides (OH–) and expressed in mg/L (ppm) as calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is also...

Oct

Silicon in plants

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Plant Nutrition

After oxygen, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in earth’s crust and is a constituent of most minerals. In soil solution, silicon is mainly present as monomeric silicic acid (H4SiO4), which is also...

Sep

Water disinfection

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

Water disinfection refers to the inactivation of microorganisms that are pathogenic to humans, animals or plants. Inactivation involves destroying essential structures or altering essential functions of microorganism. A microorganism is considered inactivated where: It is...

Sep

How to identify and control weeds

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Types of weeds Weeds are plants that grow where they are not wanted. They can be classified according to their life cycle. The three types of life cycles are: annual, biennial and perennial. Annual weeds...

Jul

Powdery mildew

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Powdery mildew is a common, widespread fungal plant disease that a wide variety of crops. There are multiple species of powdery mildew, belonging to the order Erysiphales, each has its own range of hosts. Signs...

Jul

Water treatment

Guy Sela

All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

The water treatment process consists of a series of steps to remove or minimize impurities from water and make the water suitable for a particular purpose. The purpose can anything from recreational use of water...

Jun

Types of fertilizers

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition

Fertilizers are compounds that are used in agriculture to supply nutrients for plants. They can be classified in a variety of ways. A specific fertilizer can belong to multiple fertilizer types. Classification according to the...

May

How to calculate fertilizer application rates

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition

Calculating fertilizer application rates starts with knowing the following: The required nutrient application rate The fertilizer grade / composition The field’s area Required nutrient application rate – this is the rate of nutrient to apply,...

May

Variable rate irrigation

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Precision agriculture

Variable rate irrigation (VRI) involves applying different amounts of water to different zones of the field, rather than applying one uniform irrigation rate to the entire field. Why use VRI? This innovative technology has many...

Apr

Principles of irrigation systems design

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation

Designing an irrigation system requires knowledge of the crop, field conditions, soil and water. Answering the following questions can help in determining the characteristics of the irrigation system. What is the soil texture? How much...

Mar

Soil Organic Matter

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Soil organic matter refers to the remains of plants, animals and microbes, in different decomposition stages. It consists of: Living soil organisms and plant residues Partially decomposed organic matter (detritus) Fully decomposed, stable organic matter,...

Mar

Thrips damage and control

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Thrips are a pest of many agricultural crops. Thrips belong to the order Thysanoptera and feed on plant sap. There are over 5,500 species of thrips and about 75 species of them are pests of...

Jan

Sanitation in the greenhouse

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Sanitation is one of the most important practices to reduce or avoid plant diseases in greenhouses. Pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria and viruses can survive well in the environment, including in crop residues, soil, tools,...

Dec

Compost: Benefits and quality parameters

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Compost is a decomposed organic material used as a soil amendment. It is created in a process called “composting”, which is an aerobic process in which microorganisms break-down organic waste, either plant material or animal...

Dec

Irrigation management in sugarcane

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation

Sugarcane is one of the most water-demanding crops and water availability is the single largest factors affecting its growth. According to studies, sugarcane yields can decrease by up to 70% under drought conditions. Climate change...

Nov

Scouting and monitoring for pests and diseases

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Crop Protection, Pests and diseases

Scouting and monitoring are crucial steps in making informed decisions about pest and disease management, which can go beyond pest control and affect other important practices (e.g. identifying nutrient deficiencies, water issues etc.). Proper scouting...

Nov

Rapid sand filtration

Guy Sela

All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

In urban areas the slow sand filter simply occupies too much space. Therefore, rapid sand filtration has been developed and has become the most common type of filter for treating municipal water supplies. Typical filtration...

Sep

Soil water content

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Soils

Water is held in soil in the pores between the soil particles, therefore the maximum amount of water that a specific soil can potentially hold is equal to its porosity (total volume of pores). There...

Sep

Ion exchange

Guy Sela

All articles, Water Treatment

Ion exchange is a water treatment process used to remove undesirable ions from water and replace them with other, desirable ions. The applications of ion exchange in water and wastewater treatment include: Removal of Ca...

Aug

Copper in plants

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition

Copper is an essential plant nutrient, classified as a micronutrient. It has a role in various important processes in plants. For example: Copper is a structural element in numerous proteins Essential for the photosynthesis process...

Aug

Manganese in plants and soil

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Manganese is an essential plant micronutrient . It is absorbed by plants as Mn2+. Manganese is an immobile nutrient and, therefore, deficiency symptoms show up on younger leaves first. A manganese level of 20 to...

Aug

Grapevine – Nutrient uptake and tissue analysis

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition

The below nutrient uptake data of grapevines is based on an analysis of the different studies and research works. The nutrient uptake data must be adjusted based on soil and tissue analysis. Macronutrients – Nitrogen,...

Jul

Activated sludge – primary Control parameters

Guy Sela

All articles, Water Treatment

Three major control parameters are used in the activated sludge process: F:M ratio (Food:Microorganisms ratio), CRT (Cell Residence Time) and RAS flow rate (Return Activated Sludge flow rate). Adjusting these three parameters controls the entire...

Jul

Using soil moisture sensors for irrigation management

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Precision agriculture, Soils

There are two main types of soil sensors used in agriculture to measure the availability of water to plants. Sensors that measure soil moisture. Sensors that measure the water tension in the soil (tensiometers)....

Jun

Irrigation and fertilization of apple orchards

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Plant Nutrition

IRRIGATION OF APPLES Irrigation of apples should be managed according to growth stages. The main growth stages are: Budbreak-flowering Beginning of rapid shoot growth Beginning of fruit fill Harvest Leaf fall Irrigation is particularly critical...

Agriculture calculations and conversions

Jun

Unit conversions tables

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation

Nutrient form conversions Nutrient concentration units Fertilizer rates units From To Multiply by kg/ha (kilograms per hectare) lb/ac (pounds per acre) 0.892 lb/ac kg/ha 1.12 MT/ha (Metric tonne/hectare) tons/acre (short tons/acre) 0.446...

Jun

How to calculate nutrient solution formulas

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition

A nutrient solution is the mix of irrigation water with added nutrients. It is mainly used in soilless culture and hydroponics, where the nutrient solution is the only source of nutrients to the plants. Calculating...

Jun

How to correctly test your soil ?

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Soil testing is a key tool in fertilizer management. It reduces guesswork and helps in minimizing environmental pollution. When done and used properly, soil testing can save the grower money and increase crop yields. The...

Apr

What are urea fertilizers?

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Urea fertilizers are widely used in agriculture. They are considered an economic nitrogen source. The chemical formula of urea is CO(NH2)2 and, in nature, urea is excreted in the urine of mammals. Commercial urea fertilizers...

Apr

Beneficial insects

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

The use of beneficial insects for pest control is becoming increasingly common. The principle behind it is that some types of insects are natural enemies of insect pests. Therefore, by using beneficial insects the use...

Mar

Electrical conductivity of water and soil

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Plant Nutrition, Soils

The electrical conductivity of an aqueous solution is its ability to conduct an electrical current. The electrical conductivity is an important parameter used to estimate the level of dissolved salts in water and soil. Salts...

Mar

Pre-plant fertilizer application

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Depending on the soil type, fertilizers can be applied to crops before planting, right after planting or throughout the growth of the crop. Applying fertilizers prior to seeding or planting is referred to as pre-plant...

Mar

How to read a pesticide label

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

All pesticides must come with a label, which must follow a certain standards. The pesticide label is a legal document that contains information on how to use the pesticide, handle, store and dispose it, as...

Mar

The Activated Sludge Process

Guy Sela

All articles, Water Treatment

The primary treatment cannot remove all dissolved and fine colloidal organic matter. Therefore, a biological treatment is required for removing those remaining components. All biological processes are based on microorganisms that feed on the organic...

Mar

How fertilizers help to feed the world – outlook towards 2050

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

World population is growing rapidly. In fact, since the industrial revolution, population is growing faster than ever before. In 1920 there were 1.8 billion people in the world. Fifty years later, In 1970 population reached...

Feb

Early blight of tomato

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

Early blight is a common tomato disease, which can result in significant economic losses. It is caused by the fungi Alternaria solani or Alternaria tomatophila. The disease favors warm temperatures of 24-29 C and high...

Feb

Nitrogen in plants

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient, which all plants require for proper growth. It is an important constituent of the chlorophyll molecule, nucleic acids and proteins. Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere and comprises about 78%...

Jan

Fertigation

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Plant Nutrition, Precision agriculture

Fertigation is the application of fertilizers through the irrigation water. It can be applied in almost any irrigated crop, in both open field and greenhouses. Fertigation allows for a more efficient use of both water...

Jan

The essential plant nutrients

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Essential plant nutrients are elements that plants need for proper growth. Sixteen elements are considered essential nutrients for plants. These are carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca),...

Jan

Identification of pests – What should you look for?

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

Once a problem that is suspected as a pest is detected, the pest must be identified in order to plan the pest management strategy. In some cases, a precise identification may require consulting with an...

Dec

Reasons why tomato leaves might turn yellow

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases, Plant Nutrition

One of the questions tomato growers frequently ask is “why do my tomato leaves turn yellow?”. There are many possible reasons why tomato leaves might turn yellow. These include excessive watering, nutrient deficiencies, fungal diseases...

Dec

Wastewater treatment

Guy Sela

All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

Wastewater treatment is a multi-stage water treatment, in which wastewater is cleaned before it is: Discharged to a body of water. Used for irrigation Recycled for other purposes. Wastewater plants remove organic matter, nutrients, pathogens...

Dec

Plant diseases

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

What is a plant disease? A plant disease is defined as abnormal growth of the plant, or interference with the normal function of the plant. 3 conditions must exist in order for a disease do...

Nov

Pesticides – things you must know before your next application

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

WHAT ARE PESTICIDES? Pesticides are substances or mixtures that are used to prevent, destroy or control pests. Pests can be insects, diseases (fungi, bacteria), nematodes or weeds. Pesticides can be classified as chemical pesticides or...

Nov

Is it time for artificial intelligence in agriculture?

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Precision agriculture

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology that exhibits behavior that could be interpreted as human intelligence. Can we apply artificial intelligence in agriculture? Can a computer be better than man in making decisions related to...

Oct

Roles of potassium in plants

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Plant Nutrition, Soils

Potassium is an essential plant nutrient, one of the three macro-elements required by plants in relatively large quantities – nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (NPK). What are the roles of potassium in plants? How does potassium...

Oct

Irrigation water quality

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Plant Nutrition, Water Treatment

The quality and composition of the irrigation water may affect plant development, soil structure and the irrigation system itself. Irrigation water quality refers mainly to the chemical composition of the water, or more specifically, to...

Oct

Whitefly – a tiny, devastating pest

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

Whiteflies belong to the order Hemiptera. They are related to aphids, scales and mealybugs. Whiteflies are tiny (0.8-1.5mm long), yellowish insects, with white wings. The origin of their name comes from the white wax that...

Oct

Water Disinfection Byproducts (DBP)

Guy Sela

All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

The use of some disinfectants, such as chlorine, results in the formation of byproducts, many of them are considered carcinogenic. Disinfection byproducts are formed as a result of a reaction of the disinfectant with several...

Oct

Irrigation scheduling using evapotranspiration data

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Soils

Irrigation scheduling refers to the timing, frequency and amount of water applied to the crop. In other words – when and how much to irrigate. There are various methods and models to determine irrigation scheduling....

Sep

Activated carbon in water treatment

Guy Sela

All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

Water treatment with activated carbon is an adsorption process, in which impurities are trapped, by adsorption, on the surface of the carbon particles. The activated carbon particles have a porous micro-structure with a very large...

Sep

Tomato diseases

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

Tomato plants can be affected by numerous plant diseases, caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses. Disease occurrence and development are greatly influenced by: Air temperature and humidity. Soil moisture. Pests that can transmit the disease....

Sep

Coagulation in water treatment

Guy Sela

All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

Water and wastewater may contain suspended and dissolved impurities that must be removed in order to meet certain water quality criteria. These impurities include: Silt Bacteria, algae and viruses Material derived from organic soil matter...

Sep

Reverse osmosis – a sophisticated membrane filtration process

Guy Sela

All articles, Water Treatment

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane filtration process. It removes dissolved salts, as well as viruses and bacteria. The particle size removed by reverse osmosis is approximately 0.0001 to 0.001 micron. Reverse osmosis has various...

Sep

This is why 570 million farmers are not yet using agricultural apps

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Precision agriculture

Until recently, using agricultural apps and software was a rare practice among growers. This is now changing. The mass adoption of smart devices in the recent few years brought a huge change in the way...

Aug

Precision agriculture – what is it and what’s out there

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Precision agriculture

Precision agriculture refers to the use of technology that helps farmers to manage their fields in a more precise and accurate manner. These technologies include: Using precision agriculture technology to predict and monitor crop yields....

Jul

Fertigation as a precision agriculture technology

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Plant Nutrition, Precision agriculture

Fertigation is a fertilizer application method, in which dissolved fertilizers are delivered to the crop through the irrigation system. This technology provides the opportunity to apply precise rates of water and fertilizers to the crop,...

Jul

Irrigation with desalinated water

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Plant Nutrition

Desalinated water is being used for irrigation purposes in many places around the world, where the available water source is too saline to be used. Such water sources may include groundwater, sea water and sometimes...

Jul

Pest management – practices you must follow before making decisions

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

Pests can cause sever damages to crops, and if not controlled, some pests might even destroy the entire crop. Despite the great advancement in agricultural technology, many growers are still struggling with pests and often...

May

Spider mites – detection, identification and control

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Pests and diseases

Spider mites are a common pest of many greenhouse and open field crops. If not identified and controlled in time, it might result in significant losses. There are different types of spider mites There are...

May

Using Electrical Conductivity sensors in precision agriculture

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Precision agriculture, Soils

The measurement of soil Electrical Conductivity (EC) is widely used in agriculture. However, there is still confusion around the meaning of the readings and their application in precision agriculture. THE USE OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS...

Apr

Water Hardness

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Plant Nutrition, Water Treatment

Water hardness is defined as the sum of the divalent metallic ions in the water. The main contributors to the hardness of the water are calcium and magnesium. Additional contributors to the hardness of the...

Mar

Precision agriculture – the missing link

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Precision agriculture

The agtech boom over the last two years is indeed astonishing. Farmers are becoming more open to new, emerging precision technologies and are more willing to adopt them. Many great precision ag technologies are available...

Mar

Sand Filtration – 5 Interesting Facts Most People Don’t Know

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

The aim of a filtration process is to remove solid particles and other impurities from water. This is accomplished by passing the water through a porous media. Here are 5 interesting facts you should know:...

Feb

5 things you must know before deciding on a water treatment process

Guy Sela

All articles, Irrigation, Water Treatment

Deciding on the right water treatment process is a crucial step. Failing to understand the factors that will affect the decision and the design of the treatment process, might result in failure of the...

Jan

The Era of Digital-Ag: Opportunities and Challenges

Guy Sela

Agriculture, All articles, Precision agriculture

The digital revolution is changing the way agriculture is done all over the world. Rapid population growth, changes in market demands, depleting agricultural land and significant changes in climate patterns, including much more frequent extreme...

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