Scouting and monitoring for pests and diseases
Scouting and monitoring are crucial steps in making informed decisions about pest and disease management. However, it can go beyond pest control... Read More
Rapid sand filtration
In urban areas the slow sand filter simply occupies too much space. Therefore, rapid sand filtration has been developed and has become... Read More
Soil water dynamics
Soil water plays a crucial role in the growth and survival of plants. It is held within the pores between soil particles.... Read More
Ion exchange
Ion exchange is a water treatment process used to remove undesirable ions from water and replace them with other, desirable ions. The... Read More
Copper in plants
Copper is an essential plant nutrient, classified as a micronutrient. It has a role in various important processes in plants. For example:... Read More
Manganese in plants and soil
Manganese is an essential plant micronutrient . It is absorbed by plants as Mn2+. Manganese is an immobile nutrient and, therefore, deficiency... Read More
Grapevine – Nutrient uptake and tissue analysis
The below nutrient uptake data of grapevines is based on an analysis of the different studies and research works. The nutrient uptake... Read More
Activated sludge – primary Control parameters
Three major control parameters are used in the activated sludge process: F:M ratio (Food:Microorganisms ratio), CRT (Cell Residence Time) and RAS flow... Read More
Using soil moisture sensors for irrigation management
There are two main types of soil sensors used in agriculture to measure the availability of water to plants. Sensors that... Read More
Irrigation and fertilization of apple orchards
IRRIGATION OF APPLES Irrigation of apples should be managed according to growth stages. The main growth stages are: Budbreak-flowering Beginning of rapid... Read More